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Russian President Vladimir Putin has arrived in Serbia at the head of powerful delegation, aiming to cement co-operation with a country seeking to join the EU.
Ahead of his Belgrade visit, Mr Putin accused some Western countries of "destabilising" the Balkans.
Security was tight in the capital, where 7,000 police were deployed.
Residents were urged not to go on their balconies to watch Mr Putin being driven through Belgrade.
The measures followed big opposition protests against President Aleksandar Vucic and his ruling SNS party over recent weeks, with demonstrators accusing him of clamping down on media freedom and attacking the opposition.
Despite the high security, tens of thousands of people are reportedly planning to greet the Russian leader's visit to the Church of St Sava, the biggest Orthodox church in Serbia.
Although Serbia is a candidate to join the European Union it remains a close ally of Moscow.
By Guy Delauney, BBC Balkans correspondent
It is a question that just will not go away: if Serbia is so determined to join the European Union, then why does it keep making such a show of its friendship with Russia?
Playing up ties with Moscow appeals to the conservative-nationalist core support of President Vucic and his Progressive Party. It emphasises the Slavic, Orthodox Christian character of the country even as Serbia's direction of travel is westward.
It also helps Mr Vucic to argue that policies which bring Serbia closer to EU membership - such as normalising relations with Kosovo - are not imposed by Brussels, but rational choices to improve the lives of the country's people.
The Serbian leader (R) is expected to receive a rare Russian honour from Mr Putin for increasing co-operation
Diplomatically, playing host to Russia's president is a reminder to the EU not to take Serbia's loyalty for granted - and to stick to its accession target of 2025.
Meanwhile, Vladimir Putin will doubtless enjoy the discomfort of Western diplomats observing the prime candidate for EU membership rolling out the red carpet.
Mr Putin accused the "US and some other Western countries" of trying to secure dominance in the Balkans, by absorbing Montenegro into Nato and seeking to bring Macedonia into the Western military alliance too.
The Russian president gave two interviews ahead of his visit, highlighting centuries of ties, and reports say 21 deals are set to be signed, including on energy and defence.
President Vucic is keen on getting Russian gas, which he wants to acquire through Russia's TurkStream pipeline under the Black Sea to Bulgaria.
He also promised to continue developing military and technical co-operation with Serbia and criticised the EU's handling of Kosovo.
