If found guilty, Bolton could face up to 10 years in prison for each charge. He is expected to surrender to authorities on Friday.

"No one is above the law," US Attorney General Pam Bondi said in a statement announcing the charges.

Bolton said in a statement that he looked forward to defending his "lawful conduct" in court as he accused Trump of seeking "retribution against me".

"Now, I have become the latest target in weaponizing the Justice Department to charge those he [Trump] deems to be his enemies with charges that were declined before or distort the facts," Bolton said.

Bolton's lawyer, Abbe Lowell, said the charges stemmed from diary entries kept by his client over his 45-year career in public service.

"Like many public officials throughout history, Amb Bolton kept diaries – that is not a crime," said Mr Lowell.

He described the records as "unclassified, shared only with his immediate family, and known to the FBI as far back as 2021".

The indictment says Bolton shared "more than a thousand pages of information about his day-to-day activities", including information classified as top secret, with two relatives who are not named.

He allegedly shared the information with his wife and daughter, according to US media reports.

The unauthorised information includes "diary-like entries from Bolton's time as the National Security Advisor" and were allegedly "printed and stored" at Bolton's home in Bethesda, Maryland.

The indictment also says that, at some point between September 2019 and July 2021, "a cyber actor believed to be associated with the Islamic Republic of Iran" hacked his personal email account and gained access to the classified information.

It says one of Bolton's representative told the FBI about the hack, but the agency was not warned the hackers might have gained access to sensitive information.

Bolton was fired from Trump's first administration in 2019. His 2020 memoir, The Room Where It Happened, recounted his time working under Trump and portrayed him as a president who was ill-informed about geopolitics.

The White House filed a lawsuit to block the book from being published, arguing it contained classified information and had not been properly vetted. A judge denied the request and the book was released days later.

The US Department of Justice then opened an investigation into whether Bolton had mishandled classified information by disclosing certain information in the book.

Court documents state that, while "the initial manuscript contained significant amounts of highly classified information that needed to be removed", the published version contained none covered by the indictment.

Asked about the indictment on Thursday at the White House, Trump said he did not know about it, but added that Bolton was "a bad guy".

Bolton, who served as George W Bush's UN ambassador, was among former officials critical of Trump who had their Secret Service protection stripped in January.

He is the third Trump critic to be criminally charged since September.

New York City Attorney General Letitia James was indicted on bank fraud charges in October.

Former FBI director James Comey was charged in late September with lying to Congress.

The cases were filed after Trump urged the US attorney general to prosecute his political opponents.

"We can't delay any longer, it's killing our reputation and credibility," he wrote on social media.