England's last-gasp defeat by France will have their fans discussing certain moments for years to come, but their indiscipline throughout the Six Nations came to the fore once again - particularly at the end of both halves in Paris.

Leading 27-17 with half-time looming, Ellis Genge was sin-binned after referee Nika Amashukeli ruled the prop had dragged down a maul, soon after two quick penalties had handed momentum back to France.

"After those three penalties in less than two minutes, England then conceded 21 points including that penalty try," former Wales and Lions captain Sam Warburton said on BBC Rugby Special.

"Then with 14 men they conceded another 14 points, so that is 21 points in that period. It was a really crucial two minutes that they got wrong."

Then in the dying moments of normal time with England 46-45 ahead, the referee gave France the option of a penalty kick from either of two positions, following infringements by Trevor Davison and Maro Itoje.

Thomas Ramos made no mistake to secure the title for France. Speaking on Rugby Special, former Scotland captain John Barclay said that short spell will be one England will regret.

"In the final two minutes after Tommy Freeman scored, France had a player in the sin-bin. When England look at how they managed this period, they had the game in their hands and threw it away.

"It was a really disappointing end for England. It will be a really tough debriefing on how they manage those crucial moments in the final bit of the game.

"Across the championship they are the top for penalties conceded, with eight yellows and one red, and the damage it did to them - they conceded 63 points with a player off the pitch."

While England fans will be scratching their heads over a sub-par championship, France's followers can celebrate an eighth Six Nations title win that came courtesy of some breathtaking play.

Former England fly-half Paul Grayson told the Rugby Union Weekly podcast, "France have been on an amazing odyssey, the Top 14 is magnificent and France loves its team so all credit to them."

Key to the title was Louis Bielle-Biarrey's incredible form, which saw the winger grab another nine tries to make it 18 tries from 14 appearances in the Six Nations.

"It's a cheat code that France have got, they kick into space and Bielle-Biarrey is there," Warburton told Rugby Special.

"He has turned into such an incredible weapon, but couple that pace with great tactical kicking from Ramos and [Antoine] Dupont, and you are looking at one of the best wingers of the modern generation."

Ireland secured a fourth Triple Crown in five years with a pulsating 43-21 win over Scotland at a raucous Aviva Stadium.

There had been a feeling in some quarters that Ireland were not quite the force of yore, and an opening day defeat in Paris did not bode well.

But a second-place finish and four consecutive wins point to a bright future, as former Ireland and Lions winger Tommy Bowe told the Rugby Union Weekly podcast.

"Going into this campaign they were without Mack Hansen, James Lowe, Hugo Keenan, all tried and tested players who had been starting for Ireland in the back three for so long," Bowe said.

"But all of a sudden, Jamie Osborne comes in, Robert Baloucoune has been absolutely sensational, and there was Tommy O'Brien.

"Stuart McCloskey has been there or thereabouts for so long, but to think that Bundee Aki has been lucky to make the bench against Scotland because McCloskey has been playing out of his skin means that there are so many positives for Andy Farrell.

"There are questions in the scrum, and they maybe are not the vintage side of a few years ago, but they are a year and a half out from a World Cup.

"Getting past a quarter-final, that is where we are judged as nation nowadays. We will be absolutely delighted with the Triple Crown, but there is a bigger picture going into the future."

Scotland's campaign was bookended by losses to Italy and Ireland, but superb wins over Wales, England and France gave Gregor Townsend's side hope of a first title since the final Five Nations in 1999.

The 50-40 victory over eventual champions France will live long in the memory, and former Scotland captain Andy Nicol says it was a positive campaign although the side were running on empty by the end of the defeat in Dublin.

"When you think how low it was in Rome, the reaction has been really good," Nicol said on the Rugby Union Weekly podcast.

"This is a disappointing end, but there are still positives in the performances. We need to develop more depth, Ireland had an extra day to prepare and Scotland looked out on their feet at the end.

"Fifty points at home against France was incredible, so the end was disappointing but it should not disguise that this has been a good Six Nations for Scotland."