TikTok, owned by the Chinese company ByteDance, has been at the center of controversy in the U.S. for four years now due to concerns about user data potentially being accessed by the Chinese government.

Earlier this year, the app experienced a temporary outage in the U.S. that left millions of users in suspense before it was quickly restored. TikTok returned to the App Store and Google Play Store in February. 

A number of investors are competing for the opportunity to purchase the app, and if a deal were to go through, the platform’s U.S. business could have its valuation soar to upward of $60 billion, as estimated by CFRA Research’s senior vice president, Angelo Zino.

Following extensive discussions and after Trump extended the TikTok ban deadline for the fourth time, it seems that progress has been made. This week, a “framework” deal was reportedly established between the U.S. and China, with new information revealed indicating that a consortium of investors, including Oracle, Silver Lake, and Andreessen Horowitz, may oversee TikTok’s U.S. operations.

TikTok ban: What’s happened so far

To fully understand this high-stakes drama, we’ll first revisit the timeline of TikTok’s tumultuous relationship with the U.S. government, which resulted in various legal battles and negotiations. 

The drama first began in August 2020, when Trump signed an executive order to ban transactions with parent company ByteDance. 

A month later, Trump’s administration sought to force a sale of TikTok’s U.S. operations to a U.S.-based company. The leading contenders included Microsoft, Oracle, and Walmart. However, a U.S. judge temporarily blocked Trump’s executive order, allowing TikTok to continue operating while the legal battle unfolded. 

Things began to progress even more last year following the transition to the Biden administration. The U.S. House of Representatives, in an overwhelming 360-58 vote, passed the legislation against TikTok. On April 23, 2024, the Senate passed the bill.

Shortly after, President Joe Biden signed the bill requiring TikTok to be sold or banned. In response, TikTok sued the U.S. government, challenging the constitutionality of the ban and arguing the app and its American users were having their First Amendment rights violated. The company has consistently denied that it poses a security threat, asserting that its data stored in the U.S. complies with all local laws.

Trump has a change of heart

Image Credits:Mandel Ngan (opens in a new window) / Getty Images

On December 27, 2024, Trump opposed the potential ban of TikTok in a court filing, stating he could find a way to keep the app in the U.S. This stance was a stark contrast to his approach during his first presidency and presented a surprising turn of events for TikTok.

In January, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act (PAFACA), commonly referred to as “the TikTok ban.” TikTok made a formal announcement that it would likely have to go dark on January 19. 

TikTok shuts down … then comes back online 

Although TikTok indeed shut itself down in the U.S. when the act came into effect, it didn’t last long. The app came back online less than 12 hours later. The platform noted, “As a result of President Trump’s efforts, TikTok is back in the U.S.”

Where we are today 

On January 20, Trump signed an executive order that postponed the TikTok ban for 75 days. This extension provides the app with additional time to either sell a stake in the platform or reach an agreement with Trump. His goal is to achieve a 50-50 ownership arrangement between ByteDance and a U.S. company.

In early March, Trump told reporters that his administration was in talks with four different groups that are interested in buying the platform, per Reuters. More recently, The Information reported that Trump intends to announce TikTok America, a company backed by American investors that owns around 50% of U.S. operations. ByteDance would reportedly own 19.9%.

As of now, no definitive deal has been reached yet for the sale of the platform, but we could find out very soon.

Below is a list of the investor groups and companies rumored to be potential buyers of TikTok’s U.S. operations. (Surprisingly, Elon Musk is not among them.) 

U.S. real estate billionaire Frank McCourtImage Credits:COLE BURSTON / Contributor (opens in a new window) / Getty Images

The People’s Bid for TikTok

The People’s Bid for TikTok is a consortium organized by Project Liberty founder Frank McCourt, who is also the former owner of the Los Angeles Dodgers. Investment firm Guggenheim Securities and the law firm Kirkland & Ellis are helping to assemble the bid. The main mission of The People’s Bid to acquire TikTok is to prioritize privacy and data control, taking an open source approach.

Supporters involved include:

• Alexis Ohanian: The Reddit co-founder is the most recent tech entrepreneur to join The People’s Bid, taking on the role of strategic advisor. He joined on March 3.

• Kevin O’Leary: A well-known investor and television personality who previously told Fox he was willing to buy TikTok for $20 billion. O’Leary joined The People’s Bid on January 6.
• Tim Berners-Lee: The inventor of the World Wide Web supports the proposal because “users should have an ability to control their own data,” Berners-Lee said in a statement.
• David Clark: A senior research scientist at the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Clark has also been named a participant.

MrBeastImage Credits:Dave Kotinsky / Getty Images

American Investor Consortium

Jesse Tinsley, the CEO and founder of Employer.com, is leading a consortium of American investors. Tinsley announced a $30 billion all-cash offer to acquire TikTok’s U.S. operations.

• David Baszucki: Tinsley told Bloomberg that the Roblox co-founder and CEO is a participant.
• Nathan McCauley: The co-founder and CEO of crypto platform Anchorage Digital has been confirmed to be participating in the consortium, Bloomberg reported.

• Jimmy Donaldson (MrBeast): The popular YouTube creator is also a reported member of the investor group.

The Oracle headquartersImage Credits:Paul Sakuma / AP

Other interested parties

• Amazon: The e-commerce giant is the most recent company reported to throw its hat into the ring.
• AppLovin: The mobile technology company reportedly made a bid for TikTok, with backing from Steve Wynn, who has created several of the most well-known casinos in Las Vegas.
• Bobby Kotick: The former CEO of Activision is reportedly interested in buying TikTok. With his experience managing a major gaming company, his interest in the app could be driven by the potential to integrate gaming and social media.
• Microsoft: The tech giant has previously shown interest in acquiring TikTok, and Trump mentioned that the company has recently reentered the bidding to buy the app.
• Oracle: The company previously made a bid for TikTok back in 2020. In front of the White House in January, Oracle co-founder Larry Ellison said to Trump that 50% ownership “seemed like a good deal.” The Information reported in March that Oracle is the top choice to serve as the cloud technology partner for helping TikTok run in the U.S.
• Perplexity AI: The AI search engine startup also submitted a bid, according to CNBC.
• Rumble: The YouTube alternative announced on X that it wants to acquire TikTok and serve as its cloud technology partner. 
• Steven Mnuchin: The former U.S. Treasury Secretary, who served during President Trump’s first term, has reentered discussions about the potential purchase of TikTok.
• Walmart: The retail giant could also be eyeing TikTok to enhance its reach in e-commerce, especially considering the platform’s influence on consumer shopping behavior. Walmart first expressed interest back in 2020. 
• Zoop: The social media startup, co-founded by OnlyFans founder Tim Stokely, teamed up with The Hbar Foundation to submit a late-stage proposal to buy TikTok’s U.S. operations.